2007-12-07 来源：英语教师网|http://www.ewteacher.com/ 我要评论（0）
初中英语重要短语/句型/惯用法
1.There be 结构
a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。
eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch.
b.There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。
c.There is a river near our school.
否：There is not a river near our school.
问：Is there a river near our school.
回答：Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
划⑴How many rivers are there near our school?
⑵What’s near our school?
d.there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be
e.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there?
①There is going to _____ a football match this afternoon.
A.have B.watch C.be D.play
②They were sure that they were going to ____ a rest.
A.be B.have C.be on D.on
2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。
a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。
eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps.
So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.
b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示某人也不。
eg.Mother has never been to Japan.
Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either.
c.So＋主语＋be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同), 请同学们与a.区别。
eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.
B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.
3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。
⑴It’s two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)
⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了
4.祈使句+and (那么)...
eg.Go straight on and you’ll see a school. =If you go straight on, you’ll see a school.
5.祈使句+or...否则...
eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students.
=If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the other.
6. The+比较级...，the+比较级... 越...越...
eg.⑴The more, the better. 越多越好。
⑵The harder you work on it, the better you’ll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。)
7.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样？)
8.What...do with...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?
虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.
eg.A:What have you done with the library book?
B:I’ve just returned it to the library.
9.I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？
I don’t know how to do. × 10.What...be like?...是什么样的？
eg.⑴What’s the weather like? 天气如何？
⑵What’s your school like? 你们学校是什么样的？
11.What...for?为何目的？为什么？
eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab?
12.one of +最高级＋复数 最...之一
eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.
13.find it +形容词+to do
eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的)
find +宾语 +名词 eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.)
find +宾语 +形容词 eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着)
I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物)
14.I don’t think+肯定句 我想...不
eg.I don’t think I’ll take it. (我想我不买它了)
请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。
15.prefer A to B=like A better than B 更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.
eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken
16.had better do sth.最好干某事.
否定:had better not do sth.
特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.
eg.You’d better catch a train.
You’d better not talk in class.
You’d better not be late for the class.
17.It is good (nice)of+宾格+to do sth.
eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了)
18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)
=sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth.
eg.It took me half an hour to do the work. =I spent half anhourin doing the work.
19.sb.pay 钱 for 物 某物化费了某人多少钱 =sb.spend 钱 on 物 =物 cost sb.钱
pay的过去式为paid 而不是payed.
eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat.
=I spent thirty yuan on the coat.
=The coat cost me thirty yuan.
20.have been to 某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿
sb.have been in +地点 某人呆在某地(一段时间)
have gone to 某人已去某地,人不在这儿
21.⑴ too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能" "太…以致于不"
eg.①The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 这篮子太重我拿不动。
②This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy. 这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。
⑵so...that 如此...以致于...
上面的too...to结构的句子，可以换成so...that 引导的句子转换。
①The basket is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
②This colour TV is so expensive that we can’t afford it.
22.What’s the population of ...? ...人口有多少？
不说How much population in...?形容人口数量的大用large
eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA
23.I’ve come to return your pan. (我跑来是还你锅的) →Why have you come? 而不用What
24.not...until (连词)方才，才
eg.He says that he won’t be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。
肯定句＋until 到
eg.You’d better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天)
25.neither...nor... 既不...也不...
either...or... 或者...或者...
eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word "hundred".
Either you or she is right. (谓语动词就近原则)
both...and... 两者都...
eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数)
[next]练习题：
1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _____ the librory.
A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.had gone to
2.He knew little about the film ____ he saw it yesterday evening.
A.if B.since C.until D.because
3.I____ change his mind. Don’t worry, He’ll surely come to get it.
A.think he won’t B.think he will C.don’t think he won’t D.don’t think he will
4.- _____do you_____ the TV play? - Not bad, I think.
A.How;think of B.What;like C.How;like D.What;think
5. I _____ have a good time _____ the party.
A.hope you will;at B.like you; on C.hope you to ;in D.want you that; from
完成句子：
1. 中国有多少人口，中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一。
_____ the population of China? It’s about _____ ______ of the world’s population.
2.门铃一直响着，直到门被林涛打开才停。
The doorbell ______ _____until the door was opened by Lin Tao.
3.午饭后他休息了一会儿，我也休息了一会儿。
He had a short rest after lunch, and ______ ______ I.
4.史密斯夫妇离开他们的家乡已有十多年时间了。
______ more than ten years ____ Mr and Mrs Smith left their home town.
5.公共汽车里挤得几乎连站的地方都没有.
The bus was_____ crowded that there was hardly ______ standing room in it.
思考题：
1、做饭花了她半个小时。
It ___ ____ half an hour ___ ___ some cooking.=I ______ half an hour _______ some cooking.
2、你真好，经常在数学上帮助我。
It’s really nice _____ you to ____ me _____ my ______.
3、Lily跑得不快，赢不了比赛。
Lily ______ run quickly _____ ______ _____ the race.=Lily ____ ____ ___ ___ ____ the race.
4、在美术课上做一张教师节卡片怎样？
_____ ____ _____ a Teachers’ Day card ____ the art lesson?
5、足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。
Football is ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ games in our school.
1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车
get up 起床
get ready for 为...作准备
get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服
get in 进入，收集
get sb.sth. =get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物
get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好，...进展顺利
2. have an accident 出事故
have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴
have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿
have a cough 咳嗽
have a drink(of)... 喝一杯...
have a talk 听报告
have lunch 吃午饭
have...for lunch 午饭吃...
have a meeting 开会
have no idea 不知道
have a rest 休息一下
3. make a mistake 犯错误
mistake A for B 把A错认为B
take sth. by mistake 错拿某物
4. make friends with 与...交朋友
make faces 做鬼脸
make a fire 生火
make an excuse 找籍口
make a...sound 发...音
make tea 沏茶
make room for... 为...找出空间
make it 如期赴约
make a team 组成一个队
Let’s make it half past one. 注意：时间前不用介词at
5. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉...
turn sth. up/down 把...音量开大/小
注意：当sth 是代词时，常放中间
6. try sth. on 试穿(衣、鞋、帽)
注意：当 sth 为it或them, 常放中间try out 试验、尝试
try one’s best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do one’s best to do sth.
7. send sb. away 开除、解雇某人
send for sb. 派人去请某人
send up 发射
8. hear from sb 收到...的来信
hear of 听说
9. hurry off 匆匆离去，赶快去
hurry up 赶快
10. get to +名词
get +副词(不用to)
reach+名词/副词
arrive in/at +大/小地点 (后接副词，不用at/in)
eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到达上海
eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家
11. teach sb. English 教某人英语
teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自学
12.到...末为止 by the end of +过去时间 (用于过去完成时)
by the end of +将来时间 (用于一般将来时)
at the end of+地点 在...尽头
in the end= at last 最后，终于
13. hundreds of 成百上千
thousands of 成千上万的
millions of 成百万的
14. be pleased to do sth 很高兴地干某事
be pleased with sth. 为某事而高兴
15. be used for 被用来
be used as 被当作
be used by 被...所使用
16. so far 到目前为止， 用于现在完成时
17. on a Tuesday morning 一个星期二的早上
on the morning of June 15th.1998 在1998年6月15日早上
18. keep sb.doing sth. 让某人一直干某事
keep doing sth. 继续做某事
keep on doing sth. 持续不断地做某事
19. much too+形容词／副词原级 实在太...
too much+不可数名词 相当多的...
eg. It’s _______ expensive. I can’t buy it.
There’s ___________ rain this year.
20. thanks to...由于，多亏
thanks to one’s help=because of one’s help 由于某人的帮忙
thanks for one’s help 谢谢某人的帮助
21. be far away from＋a place/sb 远离某地
22. wear out 穿坏、穿旧、用尽 常用于被动语态。其P.P为worn
sell out 售完 卖完
23. two-month holiday=two months’ holiday 二个月的假期
24. fall asleep 入睡(进入状态)
get to sleep 入睡(还没睡着)
25. stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事
eg. She stopped the child from listening.
stop doing sth. 停止干某事，不再干某事
stop to do sth. 停止下来干另一件事。
26. hardly any +n. 几乎没有...
27. quite a/an+形容词＋名词 一个相当...
eg. Two months is quite a long time.
a very ＋形容词+名词
eg. English is a very useful language.
28. be afraid of+名词 害怕...
be afraid to+动词 担心、害怕...
be afraid that+从句 恐怕...
29. so+形容词 so strong so beautiful
such+形容词+名词(复数或不可数)
such beautiful pictures such nice smell
such + a/an+形容词+名词(单数)
such an interesting story
30. feel like doing 想干某事
31. be made/grown/produced
[next]三个词的被动语态都可解释为“生产”
归类: 机器一类→make(制造)
盐.糖.丝绸→produce (经机器加工生产)
农作物、水果→grow (人工种出来的)
32. finish doing sth. 做完某事
be busy doing sth. 忙于干某事
go on doing sth. 继续干某事
be always doing 老是干某事
33. hope to do sth. 希望干某事
...hope that...希望某人干某事,不可用hope sb.to do sth.
34. in surprise 惊奇地(作状语)
be surprised at sb. 对某人的举动感到诧异
be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
35. no space(room) to stand in 没有站的地方、空间
36. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
agree with sb. 同意某人的观点
with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
选择题：
1.They arrived ___ London___ a cold winter night.
A.at, in B.in, on C.at, on D.in, at
2.It’s rather cold today.You’d better ___ more clothes before you go out.
A.put on B.wear C.to put on D.to wear
3.You must be very tired. Why not ___ a rest?
A.stop taking B.stop to take C.to stop taking D.to stop to take
4.___, I’ve caught up with my classmates in my English studies.
A.Under his help B.With his help C.Under the help of him D.With the help of him
5.Mother told me ____ in the sun.
A.not read B.don’t read C.read not D.not to read
6.Watching TV ___ is bad for your eyes.
A.much too B.many too C.too much D.too many
7.Those foreign visitors ___ our city the day before yesterday.
A.arrived B.reached C.reached to D.got in
8.She asked me to help her ___ her Chinese.
A.at B.with C.for D.on
9.Look ___ the words in the dictionary when you don’t know ___ they mean.
A.up, what B.up, that C.for, that D.for, what
10.One after another, three of them ___.
A.fell asleep B.got to asleep C.went to asleep D.were sleeping
完成句子：
1.你想不想喝杯桔子汁？
Do you ______ ______drinking a glass of orange?
2.小杨毕业离校以来，我们从未收到他的来信。
We have never ______ ______ Xiao Yang since he _______ school for the last time.
3.人们兴建绿色长城是为了阻止风将土刮走。
People started to build the Great Green Wall _______ _______ it could stop the wind from ______ the earth away.
4.魏华把你错当成他的兄弟，是吗？
Wei Hua ________ you ______ his brother,didn’t she?
思考题：
1.人造卫星能用来向国外发送电视和广播节目
Man-made satellites can be ___ for ___ TV and radio programmes to foreign countries.
2.多亏有了绿色长城，现在他们种的棉花比以前多得多了。
____ to the Great Green Wall, they can grow a lot ___ cotton than before.
3.学生们相互交朋友，通常相处得很好。
The students make friends ___ one another and usually ___ ___ well.
4.店主说你的尺寸的羊毛衫已售完了。
The shopkeeper said the woolen sweaters ___ your size were ____.
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