2008年高考英语备考 复习不能忽视说"介词" - 高考
2008-03-19 来源:城市快报 我要评论(0)
介词属于虚词,后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词、短语、句子作宾语。介词本身数量不大,但它与动词、形容词和名词等实词的搭配力极强,因此衍生出的词汇组、群让人有些“目不暇接”。例如:
动词+介词
look after sb/sth 照顾,看管
look at sb/sth 注视,着眼于
look for sb/sth 寻找;期待,期望
look forward to sth/doing sth 盼望,期待
look into sth 窥视;调查;浏览
look like sb/sth 看起来像
look up sth查阅
形容词+介词
be afraid of sth. 害怕某事
be curious about 对什么好奇
be different from 与什么不同
be interested in sth./sb. 对某人或某物很感兴趣
be proud of 骄傲,自豪
be similar to 与什么一样
be strict with 对……严格要求
名词+介词
attitude to/towards 态度,看法
belief in sth./sb.相信某人或某事
congratulation on sth 对…(表示)祝贺
interest(n.)in sth 对…的兴趣
respect(n.)for sb/sth.对…的尊敬
satisfaction with sb/sth 对…满意
介词+名词
at hand 在手边,在附近
by accident 偶然
beyond doubt 毫无疑问
in addition 另外
for the moment 现在,暂时
from time to time 有时,不时
with the purpose of 为了
对于这些搭配,可以采取分类记忆的办法,熟练掌握好搭配。
例九 A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which ____will promote its economic development.
A. in nature B. in return
C. in turn D. in fact
答案C。考查介词短语的不同含义。in nature,本质上;in return,作为回报;in turn,反过来;in fact事实上。同上面例子一样, in加不同名词的构成短语,可以从名词词义入手掌握短语的区别。
例十I would like a job which pays more, but ___I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A. in other words
B. on the other hand
C. for one thing
D. as a matter of fact
答案B。考查介词短语的不同含义。in other words,换句话说;on the other hand,另一方面;for one thing,一方面,对应for another;as a matter of fact,事实上。
例十一I have offered to paint the house________ a week’s accommodation.
A.in exchange for
B.with regard to
C.by means of
D.in place of
答案A。考查介词短语的不同含义。in exchange for,作为交换;with regard to,涉及,关于;by means of,用…方式;in place of,代替,替换。
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例十二He got to the station early,________missing his train.
A.in case of
B.instead of
C.for fear of
D.in search of
答案C。考查介词短语的不同含义。in case of,万一;instead of,取而代之;for fear of,担心;in search of,寻找。特别注意本题不能选择A。in case of something用来描述在某些特定情境下,你应该做什么,特别用在官方的和正式的通知中,例如:In case of fire, break the glass. 如果失火,砸碎玻璃。
5.——Can he take charge of the computer company?
——I’m afraid it’s __his ability.
A. beyond B. within
C. of D. to
答案DCCDA。上面五个题目都涉及了介词beyond的用法,即“超出……”的语义,需要留意的是它所应用的不同语境。
例六 请回答下面五个题
1. Luckily,the bullet narrowly missed the captain ________an inch.
A.by B.at C.to D.from
2. ——You are so lucky.
——What do you mean _______that?
A.on B.in C.of D.by
3. We hadn’t planned to meet. We met _________ chance.
A.of B.in C.for D.by
4. No one helped me . I did it all ______ myself .
A.for B.by C.from D.to
5.——When do we need to pay the balance?
——_____September 30.
A. In B. By
C. During D. within
答案ADDBB。同样都是选择介词by,但它的含义不同。第1题说的是“变化,差距,幅度”,第2题是“就……来说”,第3题是“由于,……的结果”,第4题是“单独做事”,第5题是“时间(在……之前)”。当然“by”的语义不止于此。
(三)同一范畴内不同介词使用上的区别
由于在同一个范畴可以有多个介词来表示一个意念,如:表示时间的in,at,on,by,during;表示空间的on,over,above;under,below等,因此,在使用时要注意基本区别,这往往也是考试时要考查到的内容。
例一 请回答下面两个题目
1. He suddenly saw Sue __ the room. He pushed his way___ the crowd of people to get to her.
A. across, across
B. over, through
C. over, into
D. across, through
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