考研“鱼骨”写作——写作最后突击 - 考研
2011-01-11 来源:新东方 |http://www.neworiental.org 我要评论(0)
北京新东方考研写作“仙人道长”王江涛老师,曾在考研课和自己的相关著作上推崇和弘扬“12句作文法”。瞬时为学生接受并乐道。确实12句写作法,与其说是模板,还不如说是写作的“宏观布局+思路打开”。这里,考研写作老师金凌虹结合自己的考研写作一线教学经验,和江涛老师的深刻教诲及影响,重新整合了“12句作文法”——鱼骨写作。
所谓“12句鱼骨写作”,也就是12个句子在文章里面,就像是鱼的骨头、骨架,已经生成了,你要做的,就是将自己掌握的,积累的语言、句型、优美的表达填入其中,而这些因素就好比是鱼的鳞片、颜色等等,最后鱼儿的样貌、颜色、魅力都有你自己掌握!
下面给出三大类的鱼骨框架,同学们在学习的过程中,与其去死背里面的句子,还不如用心研究一下写作框架和写作思路布局!
第一类大作文模板:现象产生原因阐述型
通常这样的图画是描述一个不好的社会现象。
你无法直接从图画提取一个正面的论点,怎么办?
那就在第二段论述这个现象产生的原因,第三段给措施。
前提:如果direction部分没有要求你写例子,否则你还是要举例!
每段话都是4个句子,每个句子各有其功能。
第一段:
1 From the very thought-provoking picture given above,we can see clearly that …. (图画静态描述,对这个图画进行大概的综合描述)
2 图画细节补充:细致地描绘一下图画的细节,包括图画底部的标题或中文有条件可以翻译下。
3 what the cartoon is trying to inform us is quite conspicuous —— …(点明寓意,这是个什么现象?)
4 as far as I am concerned, it is obvious that …(寓意深度补充,这个现象说明什么问题)
注意:如果是两幅图画,那么,我们将第2句和第3句分别描述两幅图画,而只留第4句来阐述图画寓意,这样的话,第一段还是保留4句的格式!
第二段:
5 it is widely accepted that the past several years have witnessed a phenomenon that…(套句,可以使对寓意的加强)。From my perspective, there might be ample reasons contributing to this phenomenon .(段落总句:有很多理由可以引起这个现象)
6 The main reason is no other that that…(第一个原因,用了“莫过于…”这样的句型)
7 What is more, (其次,写第二个现象产生的原因).
8 consequently,… (段落总句,对阐述的原因进行总结)
第三段:
9 Considering all the factors discussed above,it is extremely urgent for us to take actions to solve this problem. (段落总句:考虑到上述因素,我们必须采取行动来解决)
10 On the one hand, it goes without saying that we should…(写上第一个解决的措施,比如提高意识等等)
11 on the other hand,we might as well… (写上第二个解决措施)
12 It is deeply-rooted in my mind that only we … can we… (我深信,只有我们…我们就能…这句话的功能是表达你的期望和信心)
第二类大作文模板:论点论证举例型
通常这样的图画是描述一个正面积极的社会现象。
你基本上可以直接提取一个正面的论点(自信很重要,合作很重要)。
那就在第二段举出具体的例子,来论证你的观念。
前提:如果direction部分有要求你写例子,你必须要give specific examples哦!
每段话都是4个句子,每个句子各有其功能。
第一段:
1 From the very thought-provoking picture given above,we can see clearly that …. (图画静态描述,对这个图画进行大概的综合描述)
2(图画细节补充:细致地描绘一下图画的细节,包括图画底部的标题或中文有条件可以翻译下。
3 what the cartoon is trying to inform us is quite conspicuous —— …(点明寓意,这是个什么现象?)
4 as far as I am concerned, it is obvious that …(寓意深度补充,这个现象说明什么问题)
注意:如果是两幅图画,那么,我们将第2句和第3句分别描述两幅图画,而只留第4句来阐述图画寓意,这样的话,第一段还是保留4句的格式!)
第二段:
5 it is widely accepted that the…plays an increasingly important role in…(套句,某某观念扮演着越来越重要的角色). From my perspective, quite a few examples can be found to illustrate the ...(段落总句:有很多例子可以举出来论述…观念)
6 The first example which is quite impressive is that…(第一个例子,用了“印象深刻”这样的定语从句)
7 Another case in point is that… (其次,写第二个例子)
An opposite case in point is that…. (其次,也可以写一个反例)
8 consequently,… (段落总句,对阐述的原因进行总结)
第三段:
9 Considering all the factors discussed above,it is of great significance that we should …. (段落总句:考虑到上述因素,我们应该怎么做)
10 On the one hand, it goes without saying that we should…(写上第一个你要做的事,比如提高意识等等)
11 on the other hand,we might as well… (写上第二个方面)
12 It is deeply-rooted in my mind that only we … can we… (我深信,只有我们…我们就能…这句话的功能是表达你的期望和信心)
第三类大作文模板:图表趋势题模板
通常这样的图表是描述一组数据信息。
从数据的趋势来看出其中蕴含的社会现象或者是论点。
第二段,可以写成现象产生原因分析型,也可以写成论点举例型。
前提:如果direction部分有要求你写例子,你必须要give specific examples哦!
每段话都是4个句子,每个 句子各有其功能。
第一段:
1 The past several years have witnessed an increase/decrease in…(图画静态描述,将图画所表示的总体趋势进行描述)
2 As we can see from the first chart/graph, (具体描述第一幅图,在描述的时候,将数据信息写充实,比如说具体的数字,年份等等)
3 We are informed from the second picture that …(如同描述第一幅图表那样,将第二幅图的具体信息描述详细)
4 as far as I am concerned, it is obvious that …(点名图表的寓意,有些时候要注意分析两幅图的内部有没有因果联系等逻辑关系)
第二段和第三段的写法可以参照上面两个模板
图表题常用表达采撷:
描述图画的趋势
1.The chart/graph/table shows a minimal/slight/slow/steady/marked/dramatic/sharp/sudden increase/rise/decline/reduction/fall/drop in...compared with those of last year/10 years ago/last century...
例句:The graph shows a marked decline in the number of wildlife species compared with that of last century.
2.This year, the products of...increased/decreased from…to…
3.The number of ... grew/rose/dropped from...to...
例句:The number of car accidents grew from 3691 in 1985 to 8245 in 1995.
4.The table/chart/graph represents the development and changes in ...
例句:The table represents the development and changes in agriculture structure in the past 30 years.
5.By comparison with..., it dropped/ fell/ decreased from...to.../ by...
例句:By comparison with 1990, it dropped by 15 percent.
从图表中得出结论:
According to the figures shown in the table/graph we can see/conclude that...
例句:According to the figures shown in the table, we can see that great changes have been taking place in people's diet over the period from 1988 to 1998.
The graph/table/chart shows/indicates/reveals/points out that...
例句:The chart reveals that the number of road accidents is spiraling upward every year as more and more highways are constructed all over China.
After considering the information in the graph/table/chart, we might conclude that...
例句:After considering the information in the graph, we might conclude that the energy structure in rural areas has been greatly improved over the past 15 years.
祝大家考研大捷!
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