四级冲刺班内部笔记：写作图表题的逻辑结构 - 四六级

2007-12-10 来源： 新东方|http://www.neworiental.org/Portal0/default1.htm 我要评论（0）

　　III、图表题(table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph)

　　图表题的写作逻辑结构：

　　Paragraph I:(1)概括描述图表：趋势描写;

　　(2)具体描述图表：必要数据支持(细节性)。

　　Paragraph II:(1)提出自己理由和观点(本段主题句);

　　(2)细节性分论点(主要是原因，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点)。

　　Paragraph III:(1)预测未来和提出解决方法;

　　(2)总结全文和表达作者自己观点

　　【标题】Changes in People’s Diet

　　Directions: Write a three-paragraph composition to:

　　1. State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years.

　　2. Give possible reasons for the changes.

　　3. Draw your own conclusion.

　　You should quote as few figures as possible.

　　【短文】Changes in People’s Diet

　　In the past five years there have been many changes in people’s diet. Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role, while the proportion of some high-energy foods, such as milk and meat, has increased.

　　What has caused these changes? I think there are two reasons. First, people now have more money. The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain, so in the old days people couldn’t afford them. Now they have enough money to buy both meat and milk. Second, people nowadays pay more attention to the elements of their diet. They look for a well-balanced diet that will be good for their health.

　　In short, there have been changes in people’s diet in the past five years because of financial and health reasons, and there will be further changes in the future

　　【修改版】

　　As can be seen from the table, the past five years has witnessed dramatic changes in people’s diet. Grain, as the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased.

　　There are two factors leading to the change. For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living. In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income. But now people have enough money to taste a rich verity of foods. For another, people of today attach more attention to nutrition. They are not merely content to fill the stomach. They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.

　　In a word, with people’s standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.

　　图表题的适用句型：

　　1. As we can see from the chart/ graph/ table/ diagram, ...

　　2. The chart/ graph shows/ displays that ...

　　3. As can be shown in the table ...,

　　4. The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that ...,

　　5. It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table that ...

　　V、谚语格言题逻辑结构

　　Paragraph I：(1)点明要阐释的谚语或名言( general );

　　(2)用自己的话解释这一谚语或名言的意思，有时有正反两面的逻(specific )。

　　Paragraph II：(1)作者对该谚语或名言的观点态度，即文章的论点句;

　　(2)支持性的细节分论点，举例子论证(至少两点，有时有正反两面的逻辑);

　　Paragraph III：总结全文，定下结论(通常为阐明其现实或更深远意义)。

　　Practice Makes Perfect

　　Practice is the key to success in all fields of activity. It is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency. When we accomplish something perfectly without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.

　　【改写为】An English proverb says/ One of the greatest men once remarked/ Nearly every civilization has its own equivalent to the proverb: "Practice makes perfect". It means that/ In other words, it is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency. When we accomplish something without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.

　　Practice Makes Perfect(续)

　　Take the study of English for example. Only practice can enable us to spell words correctly and master the rules of grammar. And it is only through practice that we can become fluent in speaking and writing, there is no other way. Another good example is sports. Practice is the only way to become stronger and run faster. Besides, in team games practice is what improves our sense of cooperation and helps the team to win.

　　【改写为】History/ Our society abounds with the examples of "Practice makes perfect". ......(正反两方面都举例子) On the other hand/ On the contrary, no practice will only lead us to failure. There is hardly/ scarcely a man who can achieve success without practice. All evidence points to/ justifies/ lends supports to the fact that practice is the key to success in all fields of activity.

　　举例一般为：英语学习;体育锻炼

　　To sum up, there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice.

　　【改写为】For us college students, the saying/ proverb has a profound and realistic significance: there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice

　　课后复习(self-study Program)

　　1、课堂讲解内容：体会用词艺术和丰富的句式

　　2、写作练习：2002年6月真题(Student Use of Computers)

　　3、记忆写作万能理由和基本表达

　　4、完型填空练习：完成Passage 1--Passage 3

　　做题步骤：

　　(1)通读全文，了解文章大意;

　　(2)初选答案(排除法、优选法);

　　(3)寻找线索;

　　(4)回头补缺;

　　(5)核实答案。

　　图表题：2002年6月考题

　　Topic: Student Use of Computers (at least 150 words)

　　1、 上图所示为1990、1995、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化;

　　2、请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明);

　　3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

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